CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
The transportation system is important in everyone’s life. Traffic congestion is a major issue in our daily life. There are several reasons for the sudden surge in the traffic, in many regions. The main reason can be defined as, to increase in the population which in turn has caused a rise in the number of vehicles on the road. Also, there are several other issues for traffic congestion like insufficient infrastructure, ineffective management of capacity (i.e. poor traffic timing), work zone, special events, emergencies, unconstraint demands etc. In the past few years, development in wireless communication technologies and the development of vehicular network standards tiled the way for the implementation of ITS. ITS is defined as the application of advanced sensors, computer, electronics and telecommunication technologies and management strategies in an integrated way to improve the safety and efficiency of the transportation system [Cai et al , 2013].
The increase in urbanization and traffic congestion create an urgent need to operate our transportation systems with maximum efflcienct Real-time traffic signal control is an integral part of modem Urban Traffic Control Systems aimed at achieving optimal
Utilization of the road network. Providing effective real time traffic signal control for a large complex traffic network is an extremely challenging distributed control problem. Signal system operation is further complicated by the recent trend that views traffic signal system as a small component of an integrated multimodal transportation System. Optimization of traffic signals and other control devices for the efficient movement of traffic on streets and highways constitutes a challenging part of the advanced traffic management system of intelligent transportation system.
Statement of the problem
The traffic information system (TIS) is such a system that provides travellers with useful traffic information in order to assist their route decision making(SHA , 2012), integrate information and communication technology(ICT) and Internet of things (IoT) technology in a secure fashion to manage a city’s assets (Bagula, Castelli and Zennaro, 2015) , however with reference to the infrastructure and ICT, the NICI plan didn’t capture any aspect of how roads will be monitored through ICT where the number of cars will keep increasing and surpass the proportion to roads. According to the results of a simulator study conducted by van Eenennaam et al (2016) the congestion assistant was found to be very effective and efficient in improving both traffic safety and efficiency as well as unpleasant driver behaviour which is a part of the cause of traffic jam. As NICI plan and other smart plans does not capture a problem of traffic jams and road congestions, this research discussed the impact of intelligent road traffic control in a technologically connected vehicle environment and the requirement.
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