CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Water is the origin of life and safe drinking water is a basic human right essential to all (Versari, Parpinello and Galassi, 2002). Among the main sources of water available to the people in general is groundwater. The major source of groundwater is precipitation that infiltrates the ground and moves through the soil and pore spaces of rocks (Adetunde, Glover and Oguntola, 2011). According to Bhalerao and Tawde (2012), the flow of water underground and the pollutants that it may contain is very slow as compared with flow on land surface. As a result of this, it may take considerable time for the contaminants to move away from the source of pollution, and their occurrence in the groundwater may remain undetected for many years.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
In the last few decades, there has been a tremendous increase in demand for fresh water due to rapid growth of population and the accelerated pace of industrialization (Tiwari and Nayak, 2002). Water in its natural state is free from pollution, but when man tampers with water bodies, it loses its natural conditions (Asadi, 2007) with groundwater inclusive. The importance of groundwater quality in human health has recently attracted a great deal of interest (Vasanthavisar, Srnivasamoorthy, Rajiv, Vijayaraghavan and Sarma, 2010). According to United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)(2006), 80% of all diseases in the developing world are directly related to poor drinking water.
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