CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background
The Nomads are a population that have no permanent dwelling, but move from place to place usually seasonally and often follow a traditional route according to the state of pasture. However, those in some areas have become more settled remaining in dwellings for years at a time. 1 The population of nomads in Nigeria was estimated at 9.3 million in 2007, this is about 6.8% of the country’s population. 2 Nomads lag behind in accessing public services especially health services, even though they contribute significantly to the national Gross Domestic Products (GDP) through livestock rearing. 3 For this reason, the health status of nomadic populations is often poor and they tend to be prone to some infectious diseases such as vaccine preventable diseases, tuberculosis, respiratory and gastrointestinal infections and sexually transmitted infections.
1.2 Problem Statement
Transmission of HIV from Mother-to-Child in utero, at delivery and during breast feeding, serves as an important means of spread of the infection. In 2012, a total of about 1.6 million deaths were recorded as a result of AIDS, of which 210,000 (13%) were in children. 10 Africa has 87% of the burden of HIV infected children globally and it is suggested that 90% of infected children in sub-Saharan Africa got infected through Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (MTCT). About 430,000 children in Nigeria are living with HIV, many of whom got infected through their mothers. 12 It has been estimated that without treatment, one-third of infants living with HIV will die before their first birthday and half will die before their second birthday
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