TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents Pages
COVER PAGE i
TITLE PAGE ii
APPROVAL PAGE iii
CERTIFICATION iv
DEDICATION v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vi-vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS viii-xi
LIST OF APPENDIXES x-xvi
ABSTRACT xvii
CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study 1-3
Statement of Problem 3
Purpose of the Study 3-4
Significance of the Study 4
Scope of the Study 4-5
Research Questions 5
Hypotheses 5-6
Assumption of the Study 6
CHAPTER 2- REVIEW OF LITERATURE 7
- Conceptual Framework 8-10
- Theoretical Framework 10-11
- Review of Related Empirical Studies 11
History of Malaria 11-14
Types of Malaria 14-15
Cause of Malaria 15-16
Reservoir of Infection 16
Sign and symptoms 16-17
Mode of transmission 17
Incubation period 17
Period of communicability 17
Susceptibility and resistance 17
Diagnosis and treatment 17-18
Problem of malaria 18-19
Malaria vaccine 19-20
Prevention of malaria 20
Summary of Literature Reviewed 21-22
CHAPTER 3- METHODOLOGY
Research Design 23
Area of the Study 23-24
Population of the Study 24
Sample and Sampling technique(s) 24-25
Instrument for Data Collection 25
Validation of the Instrument 25
Reliability of the Instrument 25
Administration of the Instrument 25-26
Data Analysis Tehnique(s) 26
CHAPTER 4- PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
OF RESULLTS
Hypothesis 1 46
Table 36 47
Interpretation 47-48
Hypothesis 2 48
Table 37 48-49
Interpretation 49
Hypothesis 3 49
Table 38 50
Interpretation 51
Hypothesis 4 51
Table 39 51-52
Interpretation 52-53
Hypothesis 5 53
Table 40 53
Interpretation 54
Hypothesis 6 54
Table 41 54-55
Interpretation 56
CHAPTER 5- DISCUSSION OF RESULTS, CONLUSIONS,
RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUMMARY
Discussion of Results 57-59
Summary of the Study 59-60
Conclusions 60-61
Implications of the Findings 61
Recommendations 61-62
Limitation of the studies 62
Suggestion for Further Studies 63
REFERENCES 64-65
APPENDICES 66-73
ABSTRACT
The research investigated the impediment to malaria eradication in Ikere local government area of Ekiti state. people don’t have the adequate knowledge about the using of mosquito net which now made most people infected with malaria it is also noted that people are ignorance about the health services provided by government there by increasing the risk of malaria
Two hundred and fifty (250) respondents were randomly selected as sample structured questionnaire containing 36 items was used for collecting data from the respondents. Purposive sampling techniques was used to select five (5) streets; fifty(50) respondents were selected from each street using simple random Moment Correlation. A coefficient 1.00 was obtained at 0.05level of significant. Survey design of descriptive research was used for the study and a self-structure questionnaire was used to elicit information on the research topic. The independent variable of adult people and dependent variable of impediment to malaria eradication.
The study showed that inadequate knowledge about the use of mosquito net lead to malaria. The finding of this study asses that people have poor habit sanitation in their environment this habit causing malaria fever for most people. The study showed that people don’t have knowledge about how to use health services provided by the government. The study showed that high cost of malaria drug affected the most people to have malaria because the money is not affordable.
The study concluded that people do not practice how to prevent malaria fever as a result of lack of programmes or awareness about malaria prevention. It is also concluded that household and communities should be specifically designed with the specific needs of the communities in mind so that it will prevent them from contacting malaria fever.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
Malaria still remains one of the unconquered diseases in the world today. It is common in the tropic especially in the south Siara. It cause about 300-500 million infections in human and it is responsible for approximately 1.3million deaths annually. Malaria, according to World Health Organization (W.H.O) has been described as a tropical disease. In last decades, African countries have reported between 2 to 7million cases a year. But, extrapolation from fever and parasite surveys, it is estimated that 100 million clinical cases of malaria occurs every year and 210 million people may carry the parasite.
According to Alonge (2008). Malaria is still the single greatest causes of human death in many parts of the world especially in Nigeria; he states further that malaria is one of the wild spread diseases in the world. It has killed a lot of people in Nigeria. The disease malaria is caused by the parasite plasmodium; there are four species of plasmodium with plasmodium falciparum being the most dangerous to human and unfortunately accountable for 98 percent of all malaria infections in Nigeria. It transmitted to human by female mosquito that rely on human blood as their food source. Despite the devastating effect plasmodium can have on human, the Anopheles mosquitoes themselves are unharmed by the parasite and thus act as an efficient vectors for the disease.
Upon entry to human body as the mosquitoes bite to receive blood, the parasite make its way to live where it develops and multiples for typically 9-14 days. From the liver, the parasite then attacks the red blood cells, when are then malaria symptoms, typically starts to develop. Symptoms of malaria are wide ranging and can appear as a fever, chils, headaches and even flu-like symptoms. If the malaria is not handle properly with medical assistance, the parasite can develop to more life-threatening conditions such as anemia or cerebral malaria. In Nigeria, they have been significant advances in the field of medicine to combat malaria. Strain of plasmodium have recently been known to develop resistance to certain anti malaria prophylaxes which adds to the difficulty in effectively handling the disease.
To combat the spread of malaria, many countries and organization have places a strong emphasis on preventive measures to disrupt the mosquito’s life s circle and also prevent contact between human and the vector. W.H.O (2009) stated that a popular and effective way to reduce contact has been the use of insecticide treated Bed Nets (ITNS) while sleeping recognizing the importance of proper ITNS use as a measure to reduce malaria prevalence, the World Health Organization (W.H.O). Roll back malaria initiative adopted distribution and to ITNS as a main pillar in their project. The finding made me to understand that most Nigerians are infected with malaria, with this pressing issue in mind, this study will analyze the efforts put forth by the researchers to encourage malaria and how these efforts are received by the people of Ikere Local Government Area of Ekiti State to ultimately affect behavior change amongst residents to better combat the threat of malaria in Ikere Local Government Area.
As in the most case with most diseases, prevention of malaria transmission is a far more effective strategy than relying on medication of cure, ITNs have been a major focus in the fight against malaria in African by the W.H.O, this study will also analyze the ITNs usage trends of Ikere Local government Area of Ekiti State to better understand impediments to their usage as a measure of malaria prevention, while the ability to prevent malaria is available in form of ITNs, spraying homesteads and removing breeding areas. Use of bed-nets, providing doors and windows with fly screen, wearing of protective clothing, use of repellents ointment that are rubbed on the body to prevent mosquito bite. Environmental control destruction of breeding places of mosquitoes, this includes emptying of water retaining articles e.g. cans, old tyre, broken bottles and other receptacles, filling of low land and stagnant water, clearing of bushes around. Chemical control the use of chemical like larvicides, insecticides to reduce or destroy mosquito population. These chemicals include malathion. DDT e.t.c. Genetic control is the method of mosquito control by which any condition or treatment is used to reduce the reproductive potentials of moxious form by altering or replacing the hereditary materials. This achieved by the reduction or elimination of an insect population through the release of partially or completely sterile insects in large numbers to suppress the productive capability of the natural population.
Statement of the Problem
Practical experience with the mode of life of people of Ikere Local Government Area of Ekiti State, and a review of some existing related literature on the malaria eradication showed that there have been a lot of malaria infected victims. From the look of things that Government had provided like ITNs insecticide treated bed nets, Health education and other things, the researcher felt that by now malaria have being reduced but is not, the researcher now observed that it could be as a result of lack of knowledge, lack of using health faculties, it could be high cost of malaria drug, poor sanitation and poor utilization of health services. The researcher assumed that the impediment or delay of malaria eradication in Ikere Local government Area of Ekiti State because malaria is the number six killer diseases in our society today, as a result of these. All these problems prompt the researchers to investigate impediment to malaria eradication in Ikere Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria.
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