CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Education is as essential to man as life itself on this planet, earth. Societies through ages have one form of education or the other, whether indigenous or western education. Education varies from place to place and from time to time. In fact it is a very important means of developing any nation. The term education has not lent itself to any strict consensual definition as it depends on the perspective from which one views it. It can be considered as the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, attitudes, interest, abilities, competence and the cultural norms of a society by people to transmit this life to the coming generations so as to enhance perpetual development of the society.
History had it that long before the advent of both Islamic and western education. Nigeria has an indigenous type of education (i.e. education for the survival of the people subsistence education). However, modern influences, at about 300 years interval to each other, robbed the country of its indigenous education to a great extent. For instance – Christian education was later promoted by the colonial administration to suit its purpose of colonization (Abdulkareem 1992).
Change in time witnessed change in the purpose of education in Nigeria as education later changed its focus towards developing individuals to contribute to the development of the nation and ultimately in preparation for self-government at independence.
Education can be described as a process by which people are prepared and trained to live and function effectively, efficiently and productively in and around their environments (Ukeje, 1992).
The growing stage of youngsters is that particular period of time that provides them with the opportunity to develop the principles of life, make career decisions and begin the pursuit of one’s goals, thus education is an important aspect for the youths. Education should include that kind of training that should be the extension to the fields of interest of these youths. The main motto of education is to provide knowledge, make every one aware about proper conduct and gain technical competency. Education helps in the development of an individual, physically, mentally and socially. The importance of education particularly secondary school education to youths is that it helps prepare them for greater responsibility.
Thus secondary school education should help the youngsters to define their career objectives, make them capable of deciding as to what they want from life, and enable them make progress in their fields of interest; computer education will go a long way in helping them realize this dream.
Furthermore, the Nigeria secondary school education should be geared up with ample amount of training that should allow beneficiaries to aim at a particular skills acquisition.
The National Policy on Education: In 1969, a national curriculum conference was held in Lagos to review the existing educational system and pro pose a better set of national goals. Several others were held subsequently. The recommendations eventually led to the formulation of the National Policy on Education in 1977 which was revised in 1981 (FRN, 2002).
The document spells out the philosophy for Nigerian education and presents the goals, purposes and orientations of various levels and aspects of the education system. The sections include: the philosophy of education in Nigeria, pre-primary education, primary education, secondary education, teacher education, technical education, higher education, adult education, special education, educational services, administration of education and financing of education. The current policy of the Nigerian government is to make education accessible to all citizens irrespective of the circumstances of their birth. The question of equality of educational opportunity is not so much a matter of the amount of free tuition given by the government as the consideration that every single child in school, at whatever age and level, should be able to perform at his or her fullest capacity.
Education is a very important aspect of life and overall development of the young minds; this has come to be associated with the formal school system. Looking inwardly at some internal factors that are affects the out work of a child, there are factors such as attitude to work, lack of quality and qualified teachers, inadequacy of learning materials and educational system adopted by a country, all affects academic achievement of students.
The 6-3-3-4 system of education, which was introduced in 1982 to replace the 6-5-4 system, according to experts, was designed to inject functionality into the Nigerian school system, by producing graduates who would be able to make use of their hands, head and the heart (the 3Hs of education).
The idea was to have six years of primary education, three years of junior secondary education, another three years of either technical education for those who were more interested in learning a trade or three years of senior secondary school for those who were more academically inclined. The last four years of the 6-3-3-4 system is for tertiary education. (Vanguard, 2012).
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